Selected Publications:
Reports:
- Stable Seas: Caribbean, One Earth Future Foundation, 2020.
- Downstream Oil Theft: Countermeasures and Good Practices, The Atlantic Council, 2020.
- Oil on the Water: Illicit Hydrocarbons Activity in the Maritime Domain, The Atlantic Council, 2018.
- Downstream Oil Theft: Implications and Next Steps, The Atlantic Council, 2017.
- Downstream Oil Theft: Global Modalities, Trends and Recommendations, The Atlantic Council, 2017.
Articles and Op-eds:
- Ian Ralby, “Crossover Criminal Vessels: A Growing Illicit Maritime Trend,” Diplomatic Courier, 14 January 2021.
- David Soud, Ian Ralby, Russ Armstrong, “Lessons in Regulation for the Art Industry,” ACAMS, 22 December 2020 (Republished in Art Money Provenance).
Ian Ralby, “Security Implications of Organized Crime in the Fisheries Sector,” Blue Justice Initiative, 15 December 2020. - Ian Ralby, David Soud, Rohini Ralby, “A Looming Calamity: Will Secretary Pompeo Seal the Fate of the Red Sea?,” Center for International Maritime Security, 8 December 2020.
- David Soud, Ian Ralby, Rohini Ralby, Alia Eshaq & Luai Eshaq, “A Stalemate in Yemen Jeopardizes the Future of the Red Sea,” The Diplomatic Courier, 29 October 2020.
- Ian Ralby & Tabitha Mallory, “Evolution of the Fleet: A Closer Look at the Chinese Fishing Vessels off the Galapagos,” Center for International Maritime Security, 19 October 2020.
- Ian Ralby, “Navigating Maritime Governance Challenges and the Future of the Global Economy,” The Diplomatic Courier, 5 September 2020.
- Ian Ralby, “Making Maritime Strategy Work: A New Taxonomy,” NATO Maritime Interdiction Operations Training Centre Journal, 24 August 2020.
- Ian Ralby, Michael Jones, Errington Shurland, “Maritime Crime During the Pandemic: Unmasking Trends in the Caribbean,” Center for International Maritime Security, 30 July 2020.
- Ian Ralby, Tellis Bethel, “Crisis Response When the Status Quo is a Crisis,” War on the Rocks, 3 June 2020.
- Ian Ralby, Tellis Bethel, “Storm Surges and Crime Waves: Law Enforcement During Natural Disasters,” War on the Rocks, 21 May 2020.
- David Soud, Ian Ralby, Rohini Ralby, “As Profits Vanish Upstream, Criminals Will Look Downstream,” Real Clear Energy, 18 May 2020.
- Ian Ralby, “Nigerian Navy Thwarts Hijacking of Chinese Fishing Vessel,” The Maritime Executive, 18 May 2020.
- David Soud, Ian Ralby, Rohini Ralby, “Safeguarding the Red Sea Amid Coronavirus: Preventing the Spill of the FSO SAFER,” The Atlantic Council, 6 May 2020.
- Ian Ralby, “Africa-to-Africa Maritime Engagement,” U.S. Naval Institute, Proceeding vol. 146/2/1,406, Apr. 2020.
- Ian Ralby, Elizabeth Nyman, Elizabeth Mendenhall, Elizabeth De Santo, Rachel Tiller, “Wealth Blindness Beyond National Jurisdiction,” Marine Pollution Bulletin vol. 151, Feb. 2020.
- Ian Ralby, “Learning from Success: Advancing Maritime Security Cooperation in Atlantic Africa,” Center for International Maritime Security, 17 Sept. 2019.
- Rohini Ralby, David Soud, & Ian Ralby, “Yemen FSO Poses Oil Spill Risk,” The Maritime Executive, 27 Aug. 2019.
- Rohini Ralby, David Soud, & Ian Ralby, “Onboard the FSO Safer: A Preview,” The Atlantic Council, 26 Aug. 2019.
- Ian Ralby, “Hookahs and Honey: Funding Terrorism Through ‘Benign’ Activities,” Strife Blog, 4 Aug. 2019.
- David Soud, Rohini Ralby, & Ian Ralby, “Gaming out the Disaster: What Could Go Wrong with the FSO Safer,” The Atlantic Council, 28 Jul. 2019.
- David Soud, Ian Ralby, & Rohini Ralby, “Hidden in Plain Sight: Fishing Boats as Links in Illicit Supply Chains,” Windward, 15 Jul. 2019.
- David Soud, “The Gold Rush in Venezuela Could Destabilize Latin America and the Caribbean,” The Payne Institute for Public Policy, May 2019.
- Ian Ralby, David Soud, & Rohini Ralby, “Why the Massive Floating Bomb in the Red Sea Needs Urgent Attention,” The Atlantic Council, 11 Apr. 2019.
- Ian Ralby, David Soud. & Rohini Ralby, “Addressing the Invisible Supply Chain,” The Atlantic Council, 8 Apr. 2019.
- Ian Ralby, David Soud, & Rohini Ralby, “Mapping the Invisible Supply Chain,” The Atlantic Council, 28 Mar. 2019.
- Ian Ralby, David Soud, & Rohini Ralby, “Defining the Invisible Supply Chain,” The Atlantic Council, 20 Mar. 2019.
- Ian Ralby, “Trends in African Maritime Security,” Africa Center for Strategic Studies, 15 Mar. 2019.
- Ian Ralby, David Soud, & Rohini Ralby, “The Gulf of Guinea is Ready for Maritime Technology,” Center for International Maritime Security, 26 Feb. 2019.
- David Soud, Ian Ralby, & Rohini Ralby, “Contaminated Fuel is Poisoning Global Shipping,” The Atlantic Council, 23 Sept. 2018.
- Ian Ralby, “The Case for a Whole-of-Africa Maritime Dialogue,” IGAD Maritime Affairs Newsletter, Vol. 3, Jul. 2018.
- David Soud & Johan Bergenas, “As Mexico Tries to Curb Illegal Fishing, Drug Cartels and Fishermen Push Back,” World Politics Review, 22 Jan. 2018.
- Ian Ralby, “Examining Hybrid Maritime Threats,” Cutting the Bow Wave – NATO CJOS, 2017.
- Ian Ralby, “Cooperative Security to Counter Cooperative Criminals,” DefenceIQ, 21 Mar. 2017.
- David Soud, “Fuel Theft Funds Terror,” Handelsblatt Global, 1 Mar. 2017.
- Ian Ralby, “From Sea Blindness to Wealth Blindness,” Stimson Center’s National Security Forum, 3 Feb. 2017.
- Ian Ralby, “A Human Security Approach to Maritime Security in the Gulf of Guinea,” The Comparative Jurist, 31 Aug. 2016.
- Ian Ralby, “Accountability for Armed Contractors,” Fletcher Security Review, 12 Jan. 2015.
- Ian Ralby, “The Criminal Side of Ebola,” Huffington Post, 5 Nov. 2014.
- Ian Ralby, “Comprehensively Limited: NATO’s Disconnected Approach to Security,” War on the Rocks, 30 Oct. 2014.
- Ian Ralby, “Maritime Security and the ICoC,” Journal of International Peace Operations, Vol. 7 No. 3, Nov.-Dec. 2011.
- Ian Ralby, “Joint Criminal Enterprise Liability in the Iraqi High Tribunal,” Boston University International Law Journal, Vol. 28 No. 281, (2010).
- Ian Ralby, “Prosecuting Cultural Property Crimes in Iraq,” Georgetown Journal of International Law, Vol. 37, No. 1, 165 (2005).
Book Chapters:
- Ian Ralby, “What Went Wrong When Regulating Private Maritime Security Companies,” in Operational Law in International Straits and Current Maritime Security Challenges, Chapter 8, Springer-Verlag: 2018.
- Ian Ralby, “Approaches to Piracy, Armed Robbery at Sea, and Other Maritime Crime in West and Central Africa,” in Militarised Responses to Transnational Organised Crime: The War on Crime, Chapter 8, Palgrave Macmillam: 2017.
- Ian Ralby, “The Montreux Document: The Legal Significance of a Non-Legal Instrument,” in Civilians at War: Controlling Private Military and Security Contractors, Chapter 10, Rowman & Littlefield: 2016.
- Ian Ralby, “Private Military Companies and the Ius ad Bellum,” in The Oxford Handbook of The Use of Force in International Law, Chapter 53, Oxford University Press: 2015.
International Instruments:
- Ian Ralby, Lead Drafter, “National Submarine Communication Cable Protection and Resilience Framework,” UNODC Global Maritime Crime Programme: 2020.
- Ian Ralby, Lead Drafter, “Floating Armories,” in Maritime Crime: A Manual for Criminal Justice Practitioners, 3rd ed., Annex, UNODC Global Maritime Crime Programme: 2020.
- Ian Ralby, Lead Drafter, “Illicit Oil and Fuel Activities in the Maritime Domain,” in Maritime Crime: A Manual for Criminal Justice Practitioners, Chapter 14, UNODC Global Maritime Crime Programme: 2019.
- Ian Ralby, BSI Committee, Management System for Private Security Operations – Requirements with Guidance for Use (ISO 18788:2015), International Organization for Standardization: Sept. 2015.
- Ian Ralby, Technical Committee and Co-Chair of Working Group, Quality Assurance and Security Management for Private Security Companies Operating at Sea – Guidance (ANSI-ASIS PSC.4), ASIS International: 2013.
- Ian Ralby, Technical Committee and Co-Chair of Working Group, Maturity Model for Phased Implementation of Quality Assurance Management System for Private Security Service Providers (ANSI-ASIS PSC.3), ASIS International: 2013.
- Ian Ralby, Technical Committee and Working Group, Conformity Assessment and Auditing Management Systems (ANSI-ASIS PSC.2), ASIS International: 2012.
- Ian Ralby, Technical Committee and Working Group, Management System for Quality of Private Security Company Operations – Requirements with Guidance (ANSI-ASIS PSC.1), ASIS International: 2012.
- Ian Ralby, Core Drafting Team, International Code of Conduct for Private Security Service Providers, International Code of Conduct Association: 9 Nov. 2010.
Podcasts:
- Ian Ralby and Tabitha Mallory in “China’s Galapagos Fishing Fleet,” Sea Control, November 2020.
- Ian Ralby in “Yemen’s Floating Bomb: the FSO SAFER,” Conservative Middle East Council, November 2020.
- Ian Ralby in “Aging Oil Tanker in Yemen Raises Concerns About Catastrophe in Red Sea,” Marketplace, July 2020.
- Ian Ralby in “Mexico Fights the Fuel Pirates,” Planet Money, March 2019.
Selected Speeches:
- Ian Ralby, “3-Day Table Top Exercise – Interagency Action on Maritime Security in Indonesia,” UNODC Global Maritime Crime Programme, Jogjakarta, Indonesia, Jan. 2020.
- David Soud, “Downstream Oil Theft – Countermeasures and Good Practices,” Atlantic Council Global Energy Forum Workshop, Abu Dhabi, UAE, Jan. 2020.
- Ian Ralby, “Downstream Oil Theft – Reviewing the Problem,” Atlantic Council Global Energy Forum Workshop, Abu Dhabi, UAE, Jan. 2020.
- Ian Ralby, “Lessons from Africa for Global Maritime Security,” US Naval War College, Newport, RI, USA, Dec. 2019.
- Ian Ralby, “Regional Approaches to Maritime Security Cooperation – Other Models,” SOUTHCOM, Miami, FL, USA Nov. 2019.
- Ian Ralby, “Emerging Trends in the Strategic Security Space of the Caribbean and Latin America,” SOUTHCOM, Miami, FL, USA, Nov. 2019.
- Ian Ralby, “Models of Cooperation Relevant to Red Sea Arena Security,” Red Sea Arena Security Dialogue, Amman, Jordan, Nov. 2019.
- Ian Ralby, “The Geography and Infrastructure of Transatlantic Trafficking,” German Marshall Fund’s Atlantic Strategy Group, Miami, FL, USA, Nov. 2019.
- Ian Ralby, “Table Top Exercise on Caribbean Regional Crime and Cooperation,” 8th Multilateral Maritime Interdiction and Prosecution Summit, Port of Spain, Trinidad & Tobago, Oct. 2019.
- Ian Ralby, “The International Legal Framework for Submarine Cable Protection,” UNODC Maritime Legal Experts Meeting, Port Louis, Mauritius, Oct. 2019.
- Ian Ralby, “Engaging Civil Society on Maritime Security,” Global Maritime Security Conference, Abuja, Nigeria, Oct. 2019.
- Ian Ralby, “Concerning Trends in Maritime Insecurity,” US Naval War College, Newport, RI, USA, Sept. 2019.
- Ian Ralby, “Maritime Counter Terrorism,” Senior Level Maritime Policy Workshop, Phuket, Thailand, Sept. 2019.
- Ian Ralby, “Table Top Exercise on Maritime Counter-Narcotics,” OAS CICAD’s Group of Experts Meeting on Maritime Narcotrafficking, Nassau, Bahamas, Sept. 2019.
- Ian Ralby, “Maritime Governance in Indonesia,” Seskoal, Jakarta, Indonesia, Jul. 2019.
- Ian Ralby, “Indonesian Maritime Institutions and the Changing Threat Environment,” Seskoal, Jakarta, Indonesia, Jul. 2019.
- Ian Ralby, “A Vision for BAKAMLA,” BAKAMLA Headquarters, Jakarta, Indonesia, 25 Jul. 2019.
- Ian Ralby, Opening Plenary Speaker, “Current Trends in Illicit Oil and Fuel Activities,” 7th Seminar of European CUSTOMS Chemists: Combating Fraud through Cooperation and Innovation, European Commission, Budapest, Hungary, Jul. 2019.
- Ian Ralby, “International Maritime Security Best Practices: A Source of Inspiration for NATO?,” Senior Executive Regional Conference 8, NATO Defence College, Rome, Italy, Jun. 2019.
- Rohini Ralby, “Fourchotomies,” A Day To Practice Workshop, Murray Edwards College, Cambridge, UK, May 2019.
- Ian Ralby, “Overlooked Maritime Security Concerns,” “The North African Cooperative Architecture” and “Gaps and Overlaps in the Maritime Security Architecture,” Africa Center for Strategic Studies, Enhancing Maritime Security in Africa: Whole-of-Africa Maritime Dialogue, Windhoek, Namibia, May 2019.
- Ian Ralby, “Emerging Threats and Trends in the Caribbean Sea,” Technical Working Group on Maritime Operational Strategy, Caribbean Basin Security Initiative, Bridgetown, Barbados, Apr. 2019.
- Ian Ralby, “The Legal Regime Applicable to Submarine Cables” and “Introduction of a Model National Submarine Cable Resilience Plan,” Developing a Model National Resilience Plan on Submarine Cables, UNODC, Colombo, Sri Lanka, Mar. 2019.
- Ian Ralby, “Managing and Securing Maritime Resources: The Challenges” and “The Way Ahead,” Cutlass Express Senior Leaders’ Seminar, Maputo, Mozambique, Feb. 2019.
- Ian Ralby, “Briefing on Undersea Cables Expert Meeting,” Vulnerabilities to Undersea Data Cables, UNODC, Colombo, Sri Lanka, Jan. 2019.
- Ian Ralby, “Moving Forward with Maritime Security in Africa,” CFMCC (one star admirals) Course, Italy, Dec. 2018.
- Ian Ralby, “Maritime Crime in the Caribbean,” Regional UNODC Experts Meeting, El Salvador, Nov. 2018.
- Rohini Ralby, Ian Ralby & David Soud, Technology for Maritime Security, Governance and Development in the Gulf of Guinea, I.R. Consilium, Freetown, Sierra Leone, Nov. 2018.
- Ian Ralby, Keynote Speaker, “Catch and Release v. Frying the Big Fish — Ongoing Challenges in Achieving Legal Finish in Fisheries Enforcement,” Fisheries Conflict Symposium, One Earth Future Foundation, Denver, CO, Nov. 2018.
- Ian Ralby, “Hydrocarbons Crime in Mexico,” Argus Mexican Refined Products Summit, Houston, Nov. 2018.
- Ian Ralby, “Oil on the Water – A Look at Security Concerns Relating to Hydrocarbons Activity in the Maritime Domain,” Payne Institute Fall Seminar Series, Payne Institute – Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, Nov. 2018.
- Ian Ralby, “Contaminated Bunker Fuel and MARPOL 2020,” Argus Bunker Fuel Summit 2018, Miami, FL, Oct. 2018.
- Ian Ralby & David Soud, Co-chairmen & Speakers, Oil & Fuel Theft Summit, Oil & Gas IQPC, Geneva, Switzerland, Apr. 2018 (Two day major international conference built around I.R. Consilium’s work on oil and fuel theft).
- Ian Ralby & David Soud, Launch Event for Oil on the Water: Illicit Hydrocarbons Activity in the Maritime Domain, Atlantic Council, Washington, DC, Apr. 2018.
- Ian Ralby, Chairman & Speaker, Oil & Fuel Theft, UK Security Expo’s Maritime & Transport Security Conference, London, UK, Nov. 2017.
- Ian Ralby, Securing the Blue Economy in Africa, ACSS, Washington, DC, Oct. 2017.
- Ian Ralby, Fuel Theft and Our Unconscious Complicity, American Chamber of Commerce and OSAC, Warsaw, Poland, June 2017.
- Ian Ralby, Downstream Oil Theft: Fueling Instability in Africa, AFSEC17 Maritime Security Summit, Casablanca, Morocco, May 2017.
- Ian Ralby, “Testimony before the House Committee on Ways and Means of the Republic of the Philippines,” House of Representatives, Manila, Philippines, May 2017.
- Ian Ralby, “Enough With the Threats: Moving Forward on Maritime Security in Africa,” Africa Center for Strategic Studies, Washington, DC, May 2017.
- Ian Ralby, Launch Events for Downstream Oil Theft: Implications and Next Steps, IISS (London), Atlantic Council/Human Security Center/Institute of Commonwealth Studies (London), Atlantic Council/Human Security Center (Brussels), Atlantic Council/Human Security Center (Paris), Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime (Geneva), Atlantic Council (Washington, DC), Atlantic Council/Petroleum Club (Houston, TX).
- Ian Ralby, “Countering Hybrid Maritime Aggression,” NATO COE CSW, Kiel, Germany, Mar. 2017.
- Ian Ralby, Launch Event for Downstream Oil Theft: Global Modalities, Trends, and Remedies, Atlantic Council, Abu Dhabi, UAE, Jan. 2017.
- Ian Ralby, “Practical Matters in Maritime Law and Security,” Indian Ocean Commission, Antananarivo, Madagascar, Dec. 2016.
- Ian Ralby, “Securing the Blue Economy,” Wilton Park Conference on the Blue, Green and Digital Economy in Small States, Tortola, BVI, Nov. 2016.
- Ian Ralby, “Options for Implementing Individually Tailored Roadmaps,” NATO Strategic Military Partnerships Conference, Bucharest, Romania, Oct. 2016.
- Ian Ralby, “Human Rights in Maritime Security: State Action v. Private Action,” NATO COE CSW 4th Conference on Operational Maritime Law, Turku, Finland, Oct. 2016.
- Ian Ralby, “Africa’s Maritime Security: Threats on the Horizon,” Africa Center for Strategic Studies, Washington, DC, June 2016.
- Ian Ralby, “The Emerging Maritime Security Architecture,” Nigerian Navy’s Diamond Jubilee, Nigeria, May 2016.
- Ian Ralby, “Contemporary Maritime Security Challenges,” Africa Center for Strategic Studies, Washington, DC, May 2016.
- Ian Ralby, “Combating Illicit Trafficking,” Near East South Asia Center, Washington, DC, Mar. 2016.
- Ian Ralby, “Elements of Maritime Strategy: Development,” Africa Center for Strategic Studies, Ghana, Mar. 2016.
- Ian Ralby, Chairman and Speaker, Overcoming Maritime Security Challenges in Africa, AFSEC 15, Morocco, Dec. 2015.
- Ian Ralby, “Maritime Law Disputes on the Horizon,” NATO COE CSW, Operational Maritime Law, Portugal, Sept. 2015.
- Ian Ralby, “Henry Clay’s Legacy of Statesmanship,” Norfolk Historical Society, Virginia, Sept. 2015.
- Ian Ralby, “The Strategic Significance of the Bosnian Maritime Domain,” NATO Defence College, Montenegro, Sept. 2015.
- Ian Ralby, “The Future of Private Security Regulation,” EWDSC, Bulgaria, Apr. 2015.
- Ian Ralby, “Regulating Private Security in the Caribbean,” CABSEC 15, Bahamas, Mar. 2015.